… At the L5-S1 level, the lordotic lumbar posture caused … musculature, ~14–27%), negligible
reductions in the maximum … while ligaments produced net anterior shear forces, especially in …

… decrease in motion of the L 4 –L 5 segment due to disc … von Mises stress and shear stress
in the annulus of the L 4 –L 5 … Third, the lack of lumbar muscle is a common shortcoming in …

… L4–L5 disc is considered in the preoperative state. Fat infiltration in muscles is represented
by reducing … compression and shear forces as well as global/local/total muscle forces (Figs. 2 …

… Furthermore, the preload of the spinal structures is reduced. … After removal of muscle and fat,
the segments were isolated … bending moments and pure shear forces. Further details on the …

… ligament and passive muscle stiffnesses, extracted from well-established literature sources,
had to be distinctly reduced in order to approach our measured overall lumbar … of shear force …

… significantly reduced global and increased local muscle forces … , compression forces increased
by up to 21% and shear forces … in local shear forces depend on the alterations in the disc …

… to lower back pain among industrial workers, due to reduced … and shear forces on the L5/S1
disc lumbar disc while lifting … for evaluating muscle response activity at the L5/S1 disc. In the …

… disc height reduction may be beneficial for spinal health. … that the von-Mises stress or
shear stress applied to the annulus … erefore, strengthening of the paraspinal muscle through …

… The compression and AP shear forces at L4/L5 for the three tasks … on muscle recruitment
patterns and reduce possible … evaluate spinal loads at the lowermost spinal levels (L4/L5, L5/S1…

… biomechanics of vertebrae and intervertebral discs (IVDs) as … a reduction in anterior–posterior
shear forces within the IVDs … the influence of the musculature is on the shear forces after a …